The Effect of Digital Communication on Nigerian Pragmatic Markers: A Case Study of WhatsApp and Twitter Posts
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Background of the study
Pragmatic markers—linguistic cues that indicate speaker attitude, manage conversation, and facilitate social interaction—are essential in digital communication. In Nigeria, WhatsApp and Twitter serve as platforms where users employ these markers to navigate diverse conversational contexts. WhatsApp chats, with their informal and real-time nature, often incorporate emoticons, abbreviations, and contextual cues to express tone. Twitter posts, limited by character count, rely on concise pragmatic elements such as hashtags, emojis, and punctuation to convey similar functions (Ibrahim, 2024). This study investigates how digital communication influences the use of pragmatic markers in Nigerian online discourse. By comparing WhatsApp messages and Twitter tweets, the research seeks to understand how platform-specific constraints shape the deployment of pragmatic markers, ultimately affecting meaning negotiation and interpersonal dynamics in digital interactions (Adeola, 2023; Obi, 2025).
Statement of the problem
There is limited research on how digital communication affects the use of pragmatic markers in Nigerian social media, particularly in comparing platforms like WhatsApp and Twitter. Existing studies often examine these markers in isolation or on a single platform, failing to capture the full spectrum of pragmatic adaptation across different digital environments. This gap limits our understanding of how contextual factors influence pragmatic language use and hinders the development of effective communication strategies in the digital era (Chinwe, 2023).
Objectives of the study
• To identify pragmatic markers in Nigerian WhatsApp and Twitter posts.
• To compare the usage and functions of these markers across platforms.
• To propose models for effective digital pragmatic communication.
Research questions
• What pragmatic markers are commonly used on WhatsApp and Twitter?
• How do platform constraints affect their use?
• What are the implications for digital communication effectiveness?
Significance of the study
This study is significant as it evaluates the impact of digital communication on Nigerian pragmatic markers, informing both theoretical models and practical strategies for online interaction. The insights will support educators and policymakers in adapting to evolving communication practices (Ibrahim, 2024; Obi, 2025).
Scope and limitations of the study
The study focuses on WhatsApp and Twitter posts by Nigerian users, excluding other social media and offline communication.
Definitions of terms
• Pragmatic Markers: Linguistic cues that facilitate communication.
• Digital Communication: Exchange of information via online platforms.
• Case Study: An in-depth examination of a specific instance.
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